⏳ Anglais médical PASS — Temps, Present Perfect et Voix passive
Cours PASS et LAS — Tableau des 12 temps, present perfect, voix passive et les 10 erreurs les plus fréquentes
1. Tableau des 12 temps
2. Le Present Perfect
3. La voix passive
4. Verbes irréguliers essentiels
5. Les 10 erreurs fréquentes
6. Exercices
7. FAQ
📋 Tableau des 12 temps anglais
| Aspect | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | verb / verb + s | 2e forme (régulier : -ed / irrégulier) | will + verb |
| Continuous | am/is/are + V-ing | was/were + V-ing | will be + V-ing |
| Perfect | have/has + 3e forme | had + 3e forme | will have + 3e forme |
| Perfect Continuous | have/has been + V-ing | had been + V-ing | will have been + V-ing |
🔄 Le Present Perfect en détail
Construction
have / has + participe passé du verbe. Verbes réguliers : ajout de -ed. Verbes irréguliers : 3e colonne à apprendre par cœur.
Ever / Never / Already
Ces adverbes font le bilan sur l’ensemble d’une vie :
| Sens | Adverbe | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| Déjà (question) | ever | « Have you ever played cricket? » |
| Déjà (affirmation) | already | « I have already played baseball. » |
| Jamais | never | « I have never played cricket. » |
For / Since / How long
| Usage | Mot | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| Question : « depuis combien de temps ? » | How long | « How long have you lived in New York? » |
| Suivi d’une durée | For | « For a long time. » / « For three years. » |
| Suivi d’une date ou d’un moment précis | Since | « Since 2012. » / « Since last Monday. » |
Just / Not yet
have just = venir de : « She has just arrived. »
not yet = pas encore : « I haven’t seen her yet. »
🔬 La voix passive
Présent : « They regularly lose the key. » → « The key is regularly lost. »
Prétérit : « Alexander G. Bell invented the telephone. » → « The telephone was invented by Alexander G. Bell. »
La voix passive est la traduction naturelle du « on » français et est très fréquente dans les textes scientifiques : « A treatment was found. » — « The athletes were tested by the anti-doping agency. »
📝 Verbes irréguliers essentiels
| Traduction | Infinitif | Prétérit | Participe passé |
|---|---|---|---|
| être | be | was/were | been |
| devenir | become | became | become |
| commencer | begin | began | begun |
| casser | break | broke | broken |
| apporter | bring | brought | brought |
| acheter | buy | bought | bought |
| attraper | catch | caught | caught |
| choisir | choose | chose | chosen |
| venir | come | came | come |
| boire | drink | drank | drunk |
| manger | eat | ate | eaten |
| tomber | fall | fell | fallen |
| sentir | feel | felt | felt |
| trouver | find | found | found |
| oublier | forget | forgot | forgotten |
| donner | give | gave | given |
| aller | go | went | gone |
| grandir | grow | grew | grown |
| avoir | have | had | had |
| entendre | hear | heard | heard |
| savoir | know | knew | known |
| quitter | leave | left | left |
| perdre | lose | lost | lost |
| fabriquer | make | made | made |
| vouloir dire | mean | meant | meant |
| rencontrer | meet | met | met |
| lire | read | read | read |
| courir | run | ran | run |
| voir | see | saw | seen |
| envoyer | send | sent | sent |
| parler | speak | spoke | spoken |
| prendre | take | took | taken |
| enseigner | teach | taught | taught |
| penser | think | thought | thought |
| comprendre | understand | understood | understood |
| écrire | write | wrote | written |
🚫 Les 10 erreurs les plus fréquentes
| Erreur | Règle | Exemple correct |
|---|---|---|
| Oublier le S au pluriel | Le S se prononce toujours | « All the students were there. » |
| Oublier le S à la 3e personne | He/she/it + verbe + s | « It consists of 3 parts. » |
| Beaucoup | a lot of = lots of | « I spent a lot of time revising. » |
| Adjectif épithète | Invariable et toujours avant le nom | « A tall, great man. » |
| Modal | Invariable + base verbale | « She will be late. » |
| « Il y a » | There + be (pas *It exists) | « There are buildings. » |
| Expression du but | 3 formes : to + BV / for + nom / for + V-ing | « We need computers to type letters. » |
| Their / There / They’re | 3 homophones à distinguer | « Their college » / « There are » / « They’re here » |
| Débuter un exposé oral | Tell exige un pronom ; un exposé ne « parle » pas | « I’m going to tell you about… » |
| Débuter un texte écrit | Plusieurs formulations | « This text tackles the issue of… » |
✏️ Exercices
Exercice 1 — Present Perfect ou Prétérit ?
1. I ______ (live) in Paris since 2019.
2. She ______ (go) to London last summer.
3. ______ you ever ______ (try) sushi?
Voir la réponse
2. went (prétérit — moment passé terminé, last summer).
3. Have you ever tried (present perfect — bilan de vie, ever).
Exercice 2 — Passer à la voix passive
1. They tested the athletes after the race.
2. Scientists found a treatment for this illness.
Voir la réponse
2. A treatment was found for this illness.
